Only a doctor is qualified to make the diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Before confirming an LSS diagnosis, it’s important for your doctor to rule out other conditions that may produce similar symptoms. Most doctors use a combination of techniques, including those described below. Need to find a spine specialist close to you?

History

Your doctor will begin by asking you to describe your symptoms—and how they have changed over time. Your doctor will also need to know how you have been treating these symptoms, including any medications you have tried.

Physical examination

Your doctor will examine you and check for any limitations of movement in your spine, problems with balance, and signs of pain. Your doctor will also look for any loss of reflexes, muscle weakness, sensory loss, or abnormal reflexes.

Imaging tests

After examining you, your doctor may use one or more imaging tests to confirm the diagnosis. Examples of these tests include:

• X-ray. A static image captured on film that shows the structure of the vertebrae and the outlines of joints.

• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). A test that provides a three-dimensional view of your back, which can show the spinal cord, nerves, and surrounding spaces, as well as signs of degeneration, tumors, or infection.

• CT or CAT scan (computerized axial tomography). A test that uses special X-ray equipment and computer analysis to create three-dimensional pictures of the inside of your body.

• Myelogram. A test that provides a very detailed picture of the spinal cord and spinal column. It requires dye to be injected into the spinal canal, which allows easier visibility of the spinal canal and nerve roots on X-ray film.

Once an LSS diagnosis is confirmed, your doctor can begin treatment. Learn more about LSS treatment options.